Ureteral Stones Explained: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment Approaches

What is a Ureteral Stone?

A ureteral stone is a hard piece of mineral that forms in the kidney and moves into the ureter. The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Because the stone can block the flow of urine, it may cause pain and other symptoms. Ureteral stones are also called kidney stones in the ureter. They can vary in size and may cause problems if not treated.

Causes of Ureteral Stones

Many factors can lead to the formation of ureteral stones. Often, these stones form when minerals in urine become too concentrated. As a result, crystals can stick together and form a stone. Here are some common causes:

Not drinking enough water

Eating a diet high in salt or protein

Family history of kidney stones

Certain medical conditions, such as urinary tract infections

Obesity or being overweight

Some medicines that increase stone risk

Because these factors can add up, it is important to know your risk.

Symptoms of Ureteral Stones

Ureteral stone symptoms can vary based on the stone’s size and location. However, most people notice pain when the stone moves or blocks urine flow. Common symptoms include:

Sharp pain in the back, side, or lower belly

Pain that comes and goes in waves

Blood in the urine (pink, red, or brown color)

Frequent urge to urinate

Pain or burning during urination

Nausea or vomiting

Fever and chills, if infection is present

Because symptoms can be severe, it is important to seek help if you notice them.

Diagnosis of Ureteral Stones

Doctors use several methods to diagnose ureteral stones. First, they will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may order tests to confirm the diagnosis. Common ways to find a ureteral stone include:

Urine tests to check for blood or infection

Blood tests to look for kidney function problems

Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scan, to see the stone

X-rays, in some cases, to spot larger stones

Because early diagnosis helps prevent problems, see a doctor if you have symptoms.

Treatment Options for Ureteral Stones

Treatment for ureteral stones depends on the stone’s size, location, and symptoms. Some small stones may pass on their own with time. However, larger stones may need medical help. Here are common treatment options:

Drinking more water: This can help flush out small stones.

Pain relievers: Medicines can ease pain while the stone passes.

Medications: Some drugs help relax the ureter and make it easier for the stone to pass.

Shock wave therapy (ESWL): This uses sound waves to break the stone into smaller pieces.

Ureteroscopy: A thin tube is used to find and remove or break up the stone.

Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be needed to remove very large stones.

Because each case is different, your doctor will suggest the best treatment for you.

Prevention Tips

Although not all ureteral stones can be prevented, you can lower your risk with healthy habits. Try these tips:

Drink plenty of water each day

Eat less salt and animal protein

Maintain a healthy weight

Follow your doctor’s advice if you have a history of stones

Take medicines as prescribed to prevent stone formation

Because prevention is easier than treatment, these steps can help protect your health.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to know when to seek medical help for a ureteral stone. See a doctor if you have:

Severe pain that does not go away

Blood in your urine

Fever, chills, or signs of infection

Difficulty passing urine

Nausea or vomiting that will not stop

Because quick treatment can prevent serious problems, do not wait to get help.

Consult a urologist or healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment options.